Skinner`s Essays - Behaviorism, B. F. Skinner,

Skinner's Impact B.F. Skinner was one of the most persuasive scholars in present day brain science. His work was significant and has been read by numerous individuals for a considerable length of time. Skinner was a straightforward man and an informed man. His speculations have made a difference humankind from multiple points of view. He has considered the standards of conduct of many living life forms. Skinner was a very much distributed essayist. His work has been distributed in numerous diaries. He additionally has composed numerous books on behaviorism. His generally significant work was the investigation of behaviorism. Initially started by John B. Watson, behaviorism is one of the most generally examined speculations today. B.F. Skinner and His Influence in Brain science B.F. Skinner was one of the most popular of the American analysts. He was conceived in Pennsylvania in 1904. Skinner was the dad of current behaviorism. Skinner didn't get into brain science until he was in graduate school at Harvard. He was headed to Psychology in the wake of finding out about the trials of Watson and Pavlov. He got his doctoral qualification in three years also, educated at the University of Minnesota and the University of Indiana and at long last came back to his place of graduation at Harvard. Skinner added to mental behaviorism by performing tests that connected practices with terms normally used to depict mental states. Skinner was answerable for a few acclaimed examinations, for example, the Skinner box. Skinner likewise kept in touch with some very acclaimed books. One of them was The Behavior of Organisms. This book depicts the fundamental purposes of his framework. Another was Walden Two. This book depicts an idealistic culture that capacities on encouraging feedback. Skinner was an exceptionally beneficial individual until his passing in 1990 at 86 years old. Behaviorism is a way of thinking in brain research that is keen on discernible conduct. Skinner stated, Behaviorism isn't the study of human conduct; it is the way of thinking of that science(Skinner, 1974). There are different sorts of conduct, for example, inborn conduct. Intrinsic practices are sure practices that we are brought into the world with, for example, eating when we are ravenous and dozing at the point when we are drained. Early Life Burrhus Frederic Skinner was conceived in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania on March 20, 1904 to William Arthur and Grace Madge Skinner. Skinner's house was a warm and stable spot. He lived in the house he was conceived in until he headed out to school. Skinner likewise had a more youthful sibling named Edmond James Skinner, conceived November 6, 1906. Skinner was extremely enamored with his sibling and adored him without a doubt. At the youthful age of sixteen, Edmond kicked the bucket of a cerebral aneurysm. Skinner was an extremely innovative youngster. He generally was making or building things, for example, carts, model planes, and so forth. He likewise endeavored to concoct a ceaseless movement machine, however it fizzled. He likewise read about creatures. He gathered frogs, reptiles, and snakes. He prepared pigeons to do stunts after he saw them performing one year at a reasonable. Preparing the pigeons most likely was the place he got his thoughts of operant molding. He went to Susquehanna High School much the same as his mom and father. In his graduating class there were just eight individuals including him. He was an extremely educated kid. He revealed that he truly appreciated school. Over the four years in secondary school Skinner turned out to be very acceptable at arithmetic and understanding Latin, however was frail at science. He compensated for it however, in light of the fact that he was continually performing physical and compound analyses while he was at home. His dad was an enthusiastic book authority. Skinner consistently had a decent library of books around his home. Skinner reviewed the little assortment of applied brain research diaries that his dad had purchased. Those books could have been the beginning stage in his brain science profession. Skinner experienced childhood in a very strict family. His grandma frequently helped him to remember the idea of hellfire. His mother once cleaned his mouth out with cleanser truly for saying a terrible word. His father never rebuffed him, however he let him know of the disciplines that anticipated him in the event that he at any point ended up being a lawbreaker. Generally speaking Skinner had a decent and upbeat adolescence. School Life After graduating secondary school, Skinner went to Hamilton School where he studied English Literature and minored in Romance Languages. He was drawn toward English when he was in secondary school by one of his instructors named Miss Graves. She likewise was liable for his delight in craftsmanship and chiseling. Skinner never truly fit into the grounds life and he was very little of an athlete. He said my shins were split in ice hockey and

Financial Accounting Business Corporate Governance

Question: Talk about theFinancial Accounting forBusiness Corporate Governance. Answer: Presentation: Corporate Governance Living Cell Technologies Ltd agrees to the ASX Corporate Governance Councils Principles and Recommendations and it uncovers its corporate administration through a corporate administration articulation in the yearly report and the duplicates of significant arrangements of corporate administration are made accessible at the site of the organization (www.lctglobal.com). Review and Compliance Committee and Remuneration and Nomination Committee are built up with the goal that the board duties can be performed at the most elevated point. The exhibition assessment of chiefs and other senior officials are made accessible in the compensation report. As per ASX rules and the constitution of organization, every year an appointment of executives is being held by the organization (DeVillier Van, 2011). A moral set of accepted rules is made for the chiefs and workers for the better enthusiasm of the organization. A hazard panel has not been built up by this organization however the hazard profile of the business is evaluated yearly. The privileges of security-holders are regarded by giving them appropriate access to the site and sincerely speaking with them (Fraser, 2011). Clinical Developments International Ltd likewise follows the ASX Corporate Governance Principles. It establishes appropriate frameworks for its administration by precisely evaluating competitors and by laying out the commitments and obligations of chiefs in the Corporate Governance Manual. To guarantee that executives can practice their forces, a strategy is made with the goal that they can take free choices (Medical Developments International Ltd, 2015). It advances mindful and moral dynamic by making a set of principles that is surveyed every once in a while. The organization guarantees convenient and precise divulgence by conforming to ASX Listing Rules and Corporations Act and it guarantees that each market member acquires equivalent data. The organization regards the investors rights by holding speculator street appears and discharging it in people in general (Fernando, 2009). A Remuneration Committee is made for suitable compensation of all. All these data are additionally acce ssible on the companys site with the goal that everybody can gain admittance to it. Corporate Governance Indicators The board size of Living Cell Technologies Limited contains five chiefs out of which one chief is non-official, three of them are autonomous executives and the rest of the chief is Roy Austin, the director of the organization. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the organization is Ken Taylor. Roy Austin expressed about the positive result of NTCELL clinical investigation related to Parkinsons illness. He expressed about the extra arrangement of financial specialists that raised a huge number of dollars. He likewise referenced about the new approach of Diatranz Otsuka Ltd that could limit the hazard and reserve prerequisites of the organization for joint endeavor. The award from Callaghan Innovation that could offer pace to the NTCELL improvement was likewise expressed by Roy Austin. Additionally, Ken Taylor expressed about the advancement of NTCELL, its sheltered and propelled treatment decidedly influencing the patients. He referenced about the investigation of stage II b, FDA end orsement and the temporary assent from New Zealand specialists as for NTCELL as a treatment (Medical Developments International Ltd, 2015). He likewise mentioned about the help of logical consultants just as about the joint effort and augmentation of the organization for more viability. The board size of Medical Developments International Limited comprises of six chiefs out of which five executives are non-official while remaining is the non-official director. John Sharman (CEO) and David Williams (Chairman) expressed about the ascent in deals and income before intrigue and charge and after expense sequentially. They expressed that the issues related with the decentralized methodology were at last settled and the last endorsement available to be purchased of Penthrox in business sectors was in process. Differentiating the Corporate Governance Indicators Comparable to LCT Ltd, it very well may be seen that just a single chief is non-official while in MVP Ltd, lion's share of executives (five) is non-official. LCT comprises of three autonomous chiefs, administrator and CEO while MVP doesn't include some other executive with the exception of non-official, director and CEO (Living Cells advances Ltd, 2015). Concerning the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations, it very well may be seen that LCT Ltd persistently refines and screens its corporate administration system so as to meet the interests of its investors. As investors are the proprietors of the organization, fulfillment of them can prompt improvement of generosity in the market (Brown et. al, 2011). Moreover, board organization is productive for familiar dynamic and LCT Ltd chooses executives consistently based on ASX Listing Rules. Budgetary outcomes are significant for general society just as the investors to learn the adequacy of the organization and LCT distri buted its half yearly, quarterly and yearly money related outcomes on the ASX site that can be seen by everybody. Additionally, in the event of MVP Ltd, all the improvements that can influence the organization are educated to the investors considerably year and yearly reports along with refreshes on advancements enlisted with ASX. All the data of yearly regular gatherings is likewise discharged on the ASX along with update in the companys site. Non-Financial Activities LCT Ltd follows a decent variety approach as a non-money related movement where an admixture of aptitudes and various foundations are built up by organizing the procedure of enlistment so differed competitors can be given an opportunity with no oblivious biasness that can encourage oppression explicit up-and-comers. For this reason, the organization creates different projects with the goal that each worker can arrive at their maximum capacity and advantage the organization (Living Cells advances Ltd, 2015). The organization takes due consideration on issues identifying with nature by appropriately evaluating all the business dangers time to time so any threat can be moderated before it can happen. Explicitly for the representatives, the organization has presented a KPI (Key Performance Indicator) idea where they can be compensated based on their exhibition. Zones having high potential for development are focused by KPI and it covers money related and non-monetary along with long haul and momentary objectives (Fraser, 2011). MVP Ltd has likewise settled a decent variety approach that is additionally accessible on its site for holding and pulling in gifted representatives, improving dynamic and efficiency, building up a protected workplace to forestall undesirable and unseemly conduct that incorporates provocation, exploitation, tormenting, separation and so forth (Medical Developments International Ltd, 2015). The organization likewise makes work openings based on execution and legitimacy. The companys strategy likewise plots the predictable and appropriate collaboration in inner correspondence. It sets up and surveys occasionally approaches related with human asset. To build the ladies portrayal in the workforce, it has started a system for drawing in and holding capable ladies representatives. References Fernando, A C 2009, Corporate Governance Policies and Principles, Prentice Hall. Fraser, C 2011, The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy, Oxford University Press Goodstein, E 2011, Ethics and Economics, Economics and the Environment. Wiley DeVilliers, C Van CJ 2011, Where firms decide to reveal intentional ecological data, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 504-526 Earthy colored, J.W., Chasek, P. what's more, Downie, D.L 2006, Global Environmental Politics, Boulder, CO:Westview Press. Clinical Developments International Ltd 2015, Medical Developments International Ltd 2015 Annual report 2015, saw 11 July 2016, https://www.medicaldev.com/wp/wp-content/transfers/2011/04/Annual-Report-to-Shareholders-2014-15.pdf Living Cells advances Ltd 2015, Living Cells advances Ltd Annual report 2015, saw 11 July 2016, https://www.lctglobal.com/transfer/reports/annualreports/151110%20LCT%202015%20annual%20report%20(rev).pdf

Top Essay Writing Sites

Top Essay Writing SitesThere are many top essay writing sites on the internet and these sites can help you with your research and writing process. They can be used as a great way to make sure that you have all of the information that you need when it comes to your essay.The best essay writing sites usually have one goal in mind and that is to help you get the word out to the world about your topic. This means that they are going to provide you with articles and other material that will allow you to present the information that you have written. These sites are great resources for those students who want to be able to present their ideas and opinions to others in a more concise manner.Not only are these sites helpful but some of them can be useful to you as well. Some of these sites are going to provide you with basic information and some of them may even offer some useful tools for your research. You should use these sites if you have the time because you may be surprised at what you learn when you use the search engines to look up different topics that you are interested in.There are many top essay writing sites out there that can help you with your research. Many of these sites will offer you some basic tools that you can use with your essay. Many of these tools are going to come in handy when you are doing your research, but it is important that you realize that these tools do not provide you with the kind of information that you want to have when you are writing.When you use top essay writing sites for your research, you are going to be able to save yourself a lot of time and effort. If you are doing your research on your own, you are going to be left wondering how in the world you are going to get everything finished. Most people are just too lazy to do all of the research that they need to do.When you are looking for good top essay writing sites, you should find one that offers a free trial. You should always make sure that you can test the site before yo u decide to pay a fee for it. This will help you know what you are getting for your money and this will allow you to see if you will like what you are using.Make sure that you take a look at the site that you are looking at before you decide to purchase it. You want to make sure that you can get all of the help that you need when it comes to your essay. You should always look for a site that will give you all of the resources that you need so that you can complete your research and then submit it as soon as possible.These top essay writing sites can help you with your research and you should take advantage of them. This is an important part of the essay and you should do everything that you can to make sure that you do this properly. Always make sure that you can get as much help as possible when it comes to your essay so that you can get it done right the first time.

IS3220 FINAL STUDY GUIDE - 1694 Words

IS3220 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 1.) Know how NetWitness/Wireshark investigator work Investigator provides security operations staff, auditors, and fraud and forensics investigators the power to perform unprecedented free-form contextual analysis of raw network data captured and reconstructed 2.) Know what type of information can be detected from a packet header Control Information 3.) Know how TCP established a connection To establish a connection, TCP uses a three-way handshake. Before a client attempts to connect with a server, the server must first bind to and listen at a port to open it up for connections: this is called a passive open. Once the passive open is established, a client may initiate an active open. To establish a connection,†¦show more content†¦12.) Know the attacks a hacker might perpetrate and how a hacker might make money from the attacks Eavesdropping, breaking and entering, social engineering, malicious code, session hijacking, man-in-the-middle attacks, wireless hacking, SQL injections, web site attacks, and more. 13.) Know what in a organization is vulnerable to social engineering People are the vulnerability 14.) Know how a buffer overflow attack works Is an anomaly where a program while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffers boundary and overwrites adjacent memory, this is a special case of violation of memory safety. 15.) Know what attack types: impersonation, reciprocity, and phishing fall under Social Engineering Attacks 16.) Know what happens in each of the 7 IT domains User- defines the people who access an organizations information system. Workstation- the computer on your desk, this can extend to other devices that provide access to computing resources. LAN- sub network that is made up of a group of clients plus servers which are under the control of one central security. LAN-WAN- computing network technologies used to transmit data over long distances between different LANs WAN- spans a large geographic area. Systems/Applications- the critical infrastructure of server systems, applications, and data. Remote Access- accessing the computing services from outside the boundary of the computing

The Awakening By Kate Chopin - 1007 Words

In Kate Chopin’s novel, â€Å"The Awakening†, she introduces the reader to the life of Edna Pontellier, a woman with an independent nature, searching for her true identity in a society that expects women to be nothing more than just devoted housewives and nurturing mothers. In Edna’s journey of self-discovery, one must recognize the impact that other characters have had on her as well. Two characters that have had the biggest impact on Edna were Adele Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz. Even though these two women are very different, both of them greatly influence Edna’s decisions about her life. The ideas that both women presented to Edna†¦show more content†¦She tries to get Edna to see how happy this kind of life could be, and to live this kind of life rather than fight it. Adele introduces Edna to female love. Edna was infatuated by Adele, â€Å"She had long wished to try herself on Madame Ratignolle. Never had that lady seemed a more tempting subject than at that moment, seated there like some sensuous Madonna†. Adele is the first woman Edna feels comfortable with. One could say that the motherless Edna seeks a mother surrogate in Adele and looks to her for nurturance. Adele provides maternal encouragement for Edna’s painting and tells her that her â€Å"talent is immense†. It’s rather obvious that Edna does not want the Creole married life, and knows that it cannot make her happy. She is not completely devoted to the happiness of her family, and refuses to give herself up for her children. She cannot understand why this makes Adele happy. However, when Edna’s children are at Iberville, she goes to see them and realize s that she missed them. She loves her children very much but she does not want them in her life all the time. This is one of Edna’s awakenings, realizing that she does not want a family. She wants to be free of Leonce’s authority and does not

The Deaf Child Should Not Be Legal - 1227 Words

â€Å"A cochlear implant is a surgically implanted device that is capable of restoring hearing and speech understanding to many individuals who are severely or profoundly deaf† (Tucker, 1998, pg. 6). The deaf child should be the one to consent to a cochlear implant regardless of their age. Receiving an implant at a younger age rather than waiting until the child grows older means easier development of speech and hearing (Sound and Fury). If they would like to gain the ability to hear and have the capacity to communicate more easily with others they should be able to access the opportunity to. If they do not want to receive an implant either, they should not be forced into getting one. I will argue that the parents of a deaf infant should not have an ethical obligation to consent to cochlear implant surgery for that infant because the child is the one who is deaf and has to manage with the daily struggles of not being able to hear. First, I will explain why the infant should b e the one to consent and why. Second, I will consider opposite views from my own argument. Some may disagree and think that the parent should be the one to determine if an implant is best or not, since the infant may not be old enough to really know what they are deciding on. But no matter what age the child is, if they know they are deaf and they know that they have an option to hear, they should be the one to decide on what’s best for them during that time and in the future. Infants should be the ones toShow MoreRelatedThe Acronym For A Child Of A Deaf Adult1561 Words   |  7 Pages This is the life of every â€Å"CODA†. CODA; the acronym for a Child of A Deaf Adult. A person who was raised by one or more deaf parents or guardians. CODA’s have to learn how to grow up at a very early age. These children often serve as interpreters for their parents, thus becoming the communication link between their parents and the hearing world. 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According to the National Institute of Health, PGM is legal in the United Kingdom for resea rch purposes only. However, it is illegal to implant the embryos into a woman for further development or gestation. In the United States, it is not legal to perform such research because of ethical concerns (NIH). Some argue that it is notRead MoreThe Issue Of The United States Congress1558 Words   |  7 Pagesparlors; if the United States does not do something about it now, they never will. The United States Congress should pass legislation in 2015 to protect workers recruited abroad by labor recruiters, require companies to address human trafficking within the public and private sectors of business, and increase funding for victims of human trafficking and sex slavery to receive assistance and legal protection (Congress: Pass Legislation to Fight Human Trafficking in 2015). Notably, Apple made a whopping

Ancient Greek Pottery Essay Example For Students

Ancient Greek Pottery Essay Ancient Greek Pottery Perhaps of all the arts that flourished in antiquity, ceramic art has the longest continuous history. And this may well be accounted for by the fact that it was utilitarian, for even in those periods when other arts had declined, people still needed pottery to collect and store their oil, grain, water, and wine. Thus, whereas certain forms of art disappear for periods at a time to reappear in an other form or style, the ceramic art appears in all periods from the time it made its first appearance in Greek lands in the 6th Millennium B. C. Moreover, clay, the material which was used in the manufacture of pottery, from the moment it was kilned became almost indestructible, even when the pot was shattered, something which could not happen with other materials such as wood, textiles, and so on. As a result, whereas there are gaps in our knowledge of other arts, and we must turn to related sources to fill these gaps, this is not the case with pottery, the evolution of which can be traced without interruption from the Neolithic age to the end of the ancient Greek world. In this long period of development of Greek ceramics, the shapes of the vases may have altered, or may have become more finished and may have been better adapted to the end of which they were made, but they never ceased to be utilitarian for their purpose was, with few exceptions, to serve the daily needs of man. Most pottery was decorated and each period had its individual style of decorations. One always notes a continuous effort to adjust the ornamentation to the shape of the pot. The themes or subjects used also changed from period to period, and in these changes there are certain preferences for the one or other subject by which means we can not only differentiate the esthetic criteria but even the historical changes in the manner of thought itself. It is not fortuitous, for example, that in the period when one of the most characteristic of maxims Man is the measure of all things was in vogue, the Greek vases almost exclusively used the human figure for decorative purposes. The appearance of pure Greek ceramic art is chronoogically placed in the 11th century, somewhere round about 1050 BC. The 12th C. was a period of great upheavals and readjustment in all Greek lands, but also in the entire Eastern Mediterranean basin. In Greece itself, along with the destruction of Mycenaean civilization , there perished many of the arts that had reached their peak. The only artifacts, or almost the only remnants to survive of this great civilization were the pottery and potsherds. In examining the ceramic artifacts of the period which followed the destruction of Mycenaean civilization one can see that this destruction, although of major proportions, was not total. In the 11th Century there begins to appear a new type of decoration which initially retained many features of late Mycenaean art, the main characteristic being geometric designs. It is on this account that the pottery which is decorated in this manner is known as Geometric. Since most finds of this period consisted of pottery, the comparatively long range of time up to about 700 BC has been named the Geometric period. Geometric art, as all arts, went through various stages of development until attainting its peak in the 8th Century. That which distinguishes it most is the remarkable blend and harmony of shape and decoration. Whereas in the Mycenaean period pottery was decorated as a whole and a single motif covered the entire area, either in the form of flowers or sea life, octopi, and so on, now the surface of the pot was separated into parallel bands of geometric patterns. In the early geometric period, the vase was painted with dark veneer, black or brown and only one or two bands remaining uncolored, over which the decoration extends. Gradually, these light-coloured bands began to expand into wider bands covering a broader area of the pot thus giving it a lighter tone. The bands contained a great variety of geometric motifs, triangles, lozenges, semicircles and, beginning in the 9th Century, the most characteristic, the meander or Greek key which with several variations repeated rhythmically encircled the vase, with the tendency not to leave any part of the surface unornamented. The bands are shrunken in the narrow parts of the pot, and become broader round the belly with larger patterns, and then to diminish again in width as they get closer to the neck. In this way, the curves of the pot are emphasized by the bands with the geometric figures which ornament and encircle them. The first figures of humans and animals begin to appear in the middle of the 9th Century, but always stylized. Some of the bands which formerly contained geometrical patterns were in some cases replaced by a series of animals, deer and other motifs. These were also stylized and convey the feeling of movement along the length of the band. The geometric pot was often used as a funerary marker. Thus we find that from the age in which human figures appear we also find funeral scenes. Gradually the subjects are enriched with various scenes involving a number of persons, battles, naval engagements, hunting scenes, and so on, which become more important in time. And so we find already in the Geometric period those elements which would eventually become the characteristic features of Greek art and the whole of Greek civilization, that is, anthropomorphism. During the Geometric period, pottery was made in all parts of Greece and we observe more or less a similar style of decoration and the same evolution with understandably slight variations in the various areas. In the entire course of this period, Attica was one of the most important centres for pottery manufacture and we can safely say that Geometric ceramic art was basically of Attican origin. Although the Geometric period is no longer considered an obscure age, or the Greek Dark Ages, as it was formerly known, it was nevertheless a period in which, although Greece was not completely isolated from the civilized world, there was less intercourse with the countries of the East and Egypt than had previously existed in the Mycenaean and even earlier yet in the Minoan period. But beginning in the 8th Century, with the growth and expansion of shipping, there began a very vigorous trade activity and closer communication with the Orient which naturally would influence Greek art drastically. This influence was very apparent in pottery decoration, especially beginning in the early 7th Century BC. Even if we had no evidence except pottery, we could detect the strong orientalizing influence on the potters and painters of Greece. Thus the style of this period which followed the Geometric is known as the orientalizing period. The Greek city that played a dominant role in commerce from the close of the 8th Century was Corinth. Her geographical position between two seas was destined to make the city a great maritime and trade centre. And understandably therefore Corinth was among the first cities to receive the influence of orientalizing art. We thus observe that the art of pottery changes completely. The geometric motifs are replaced by an animal style with a repertory of lions, griffins, sphinxes, oriental beasts both imaginary and real. The two original colours of the geometric pots were replaced by many colours. And with this change one also sees a tendency for miniature decorations. In the early stages, the arrangements of decorations on the vases had not altered, the motifs only changing. The pot continued to be divided into horizontal bands as in the Geometric period, but rather than containing geometric patterns, these bands were adorned with a series of various animals, lions, griffons, and so on. The area between the bands was decorated with various depictions. At the same time, the technique of heavy engraved lines for the outlines and the details was used in such a way that often Corinthian pottery conveyed the impression that the artisans who painted the figures used as a model embroideries and the metal techniques of the East, two arts which appear to have deeply influenced Corinthian pottery painters. Then follows a period where the bands become broader and less numerous until finally the entire pot is covered by a single representation. Parallel to this style of decoration there coexisted yet another with the human figure as the central theme and the narrative scenes produced with the technique of the miniature. One of the most beautiful Corinthian vases of this type is the Ghigi oinochoe of the villa Giulia in Rome. Until the middle of the 6th Century B. C. , Corinth was the principle centre both in the production and the export of pottery, pots that were mainly manufactured for the exportation of the famous Corinthian perfumes. In the same period, of course, there were workshops in many other cities, but they more or less retained their local features. But already by the beginning of the 6th Century, Corinths supremacy in this sector was seriously challenged by Athens which gradually overshadowed Corinth. Soon the workshops of the latter city ceased operating to be replaced by the workshops of Athens. In Attica the evolution of the ceramic industry was significantly different from that of Corinth. Although Attica too had undergone the influences of Eastern techniques, in the sector of ceramics there was a longer continuation of the geometric tradition. The monumental nature of the funerary vases of the Geometric metric period was not abandoned unlike the Corinthian potters who made pots basically of smaller size. But perhaps the main feature of the Attic potters was that they used as principal decorative themes for their pots the human figure, thus continuing a tradition which had its roots in the Geometric period . These two features of Proto-Attic pottery, the monumental nature and the tendency for narrative composition, led the vase painters to a technique quite different from that used by the Corinthians in the decorative program of their small-size pots. Artificial Intelligence1 EssayEuphronios had signed vases both as the potter and the painter, and worked mainly on large vases. In contrast with Epiktetos, Euphronios drew his themes mainly from mythology. The presentation of the human anatomy was so advanced that often we have the impression that we are regarding anatomical charts, as for example, in the case of the figure of Heracles and Antaeus on the face of the calyx crater of the Louvre. This striving for the perfect portrayal of the human proportions is also encountered at this time n the sculptures. Figures fill the area of the vase and are portrayed with great expressiveness and power. The mythological scenes are conveyed with power and majesty, but the portrayals of handsome youth are made with particular grace. Another contemporary of Euphronios was Euthymides, who also gives a monumental character to his heroes. The well exercised male torsos have fewer anatomical details than those of the compositions of Euphronios, b ut he seeks new ways to portray the human figure and to fill in the space. The Kleophrades painter, besides possessing a powerful planning and conveyance of movement and vigorous elasticity to the human body which characterize his work, adds also a new element, expression of the inner world. In addition to these pottery painters there is a series of other great artists each of whom in his own particular style animated the vases with their portrayals, such as the Berlin master, the Brygos painter, Myson, Panaitios, Makron who was the painter of the potter Hieron, Daris, Onesimos, and others. After the Persian wars, in 480 BC, certain significant changes in the potters art occurred. Movement was now much freer, the features were conveyed with greater realism, and so on, the eye ceased to be portrayed in its entirety en face with the face in profile, the figure moved in the space available with greater ease and naturalness. The subject matter also changes considerably, for the world of the woman assumes a more prominent part of the repertory. Certain painters would retain some of the traditional elements of the austere style without the later conventions of Archaic art which disappear completely after 480 BC. But their lines and planning no longer possessed the power and purity of the artists of the previous period. The Pan master is the most endowed of the artists of this period and technique. His works are airy and possess elegance and great sensitivity. But besides those painters who somehow retained the tradition of the artists of the austere period, there was another group of pottery painters deeply influenced by the great painters of the time, particularly Polygnotos of Thasos whose works we know from various ancient written sources and from the reflections of his style in pottery painting. A typical example of this influence is the calyx crater of the Niobid master in the Louvre which depicts Apollo and Artemis on the one side slaying the Niobids and on the other an assembly of heroes with Athena. The figures now move in space on different levels, and the bodies have different postures with expressive faces full of passion. Another artist, one of the most important of the period o f the early Classical style is the Penthesileia master. In his works one also detects the influence of Polygnotan painting, but not to the extent as that observed in the Niobid master. After 450 and until 425 BC base painting passes into a new phase in the period of mature Classicism when Athens was governed by Pericles, when the Parthenon was built, and the influence of Phidian sculptures deeply affected vase painting. The painting of this period is characterized by an ease of style, grace and elegance of pattern. In this period in which sculpture and monumental painting attracted the artists, there are encountered less of the brilliant vase painters of the austere red figure style. Rarely does the vase painter sign his work, and this accounts for the totally conventional names used for their products. Nevertheless, some highly distinguished pot painters stand out, among whom are the Achilles master who appears to have been deeply influenced by the classical tranquillity of the Phidian works, and possibly his pupil, the Phiale master, who is distinguished for the fineness, the grace, and animation of his works. The white Lekythos . The white Lekythos was a small one-handled jug with a narrow neck and deep mouth for unguents which was placed on the graves of the dead . This custom was basically Athenian, since there exist only a very few examples of Lekythoi in the export trade. But in Athens its use was very wide especially in the second half of the 5th Century. The white lekythoi are a unique type of vase, rather scarce, and were a luxury item which survived after 450. The technique was entirely different from that used in other pottery and resembles more the technique of monumental painting. The entire main body of the vase was covered with a white coating on which were painted the scenes in rich varied colours. The repertory included scenes from the life of the dead, or a visit to a dear friend in his country, or the dead person before the graves with his kin, or is even given as a votive offering to the dead. Such representations of offerings are often found on the white lekythoi votaries. The restrained sorrow of the faces expresses the attitude towards death which the ancient Greeks of the Classical period had and which is also encountered in the funerary reliefs of the same period. The white lekythoi with the softness of line and harmony of colours are among the most beautiful examples of Attic vase painting of the second half of the 5th Century, and are an exception to the decline of Attic vase painting which becomes progressively more obvious. This decline was due to two basic causes, one of which was purely economic. For nearly two centuries Athens had supplied the populous centres of the West, but began losing the markets wherever local workshops sprang up. The second cause was the ruinous results of the uncontrolled influence on vase painting by monumental painting. For the first time perhaps the vase was not decorated as an object with a given form and shape determining the decoration and which in previous periods was completely adapted to the shape of the vase, but was treated only as another surface which happened to be curved. If in this brief summary of ancient Greek ceramic art more emphasis was given to the decoration of the vase rather than to its shape and uses, it is because our knowledge of ancient painting which rivals that of Greek sculpture is drawn principally from the various descriptions found in written sources. And thus, with few exceptions, it is only from the pottery itself we can see to which heights ancient Greek painting reached and this but as a reflection of the monumental painting of the Greeks. Nevertheless, with the exception of the white Lekythoi in which as in monumental painting the colouring plays a major role in the representations along with the design, in Attic pottery both in the black figure and red figure styles the principal role is played by the designs and the plan. Also the contrast between the two colours, the red an the shiny black, plays its part. The vase painters succeeded in obtaining these two colours by a process of oxidation of the clay when firing the pots and not by adding an extra coating to the surface. The manufacturing of the pots was done in the following manner. First of all the potter centred a lump of clay, which had been properly kneaded, on the potters wheel where it was spun and moulded into the desired shape. When the pot was too large to be formed in one operation, it was made in sections and joined later by a wet clay slip. Handles and sometimes the mouth or lip were made separately. When the pot was shaped it was left to dry, and then polished, after which the painter was ready for its decoration. He painted the design by incision, drawing the outlines and details in the period when incision was commonly used. Thereafter, the entire area to which they wished to give the black shiny tone, was covered with a mixture of clay containing some kind of alkali, or perhaps potash. Then began the most difficult process involving firing of the pot in three stages. The temperature was never greater than 950 degrees C. The appropriate oxidation during the firing gave the red colour to the areas of the pot not covered by the varnish due to the large concentration of iron in Attic clay, and resulted in the black shiny colour in the painted areas from the mixture of clay with the alkaline earth. It was by such a simple process of experimentation in firing that the Greek vases were moulded, those vases and works of art which Pindar so aptly described to be of great variety and beautiful. Kyriazis, Constantine D. Eternal Greece. Translated by Harry T. Hionides. A Chat Publication. NOTE: illustrations in the original text are not included in this computer document. [Ancient Greek Pottery by Helena Yatra [Kyriazis, Constantine D. Eternal Greece

Importance of People Management in Organizations

Introduction People management in any business organization is a main factor in determining organization success. The smooth running of any business set up requires recruitment of a substantial number of employees. To ensure a constant flow of business, it is important to understand the workers and handle them properly.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Importance of People Management in Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managers in any business organization have been given the responsibility to provide leadership, inspire, educate and give confidence to the employees (Bedeian 2003, p. 124). Other managerial responsibilities include employing, deploying, evaluating and giving instructions to the workers. However, such responsibilities are not easy to undertake. Performance management Managers use performance management to measure employees output. An organization is always deemed to benefit from emplo yees’ integrated efforts. Efficiency at the work place requires managers integrate all employee issues to establish a positive working environment with increased output. To be able to establish a good working environment, a manager is required to establish good reward policies and motivation for the workers. Managers use performance management as a strategy to provide a foundation of reward policies. In this respect, employees that perform in consistency with pre-determined goals are subjected to certain reward policies. The reward policy should focus on developing the attitudes of the employees (Baron 2003, p. 89). This will increase motivation for working among the employees. For example, the best performing workers ought to be rewarded at the end of a trading period. The workers’ welfare should motivate them into providing their best. Recruitment and selection Recruitment and selection of workers is a vigorous activity undertaken by the managers that require profess ional expertise. Competent workers will provide high quality work at minimal supervision. The implementation of policies and strategies is easier where the workers are competent (Higgins 2004, p. 167). During job interviews, identification of the best candidates is an acid test for the selection panel. The panel should prepare an interview sheet that will define the exact potential of the job seeker. Academic performance should not be perceived as a major element during the exercise. The job seekers general outlook and discipline is important. Therefore, the selection process and criteria should include the experience and the general knowledge of the job seeker in regard to the job position.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Training development Training development is an important element in ensuring that an organization’s culture of competent human resource is mainta ined. Training development acts as a foundation where personnel are aligned with an organizations job expectations and goals. In recent years, the concept of training development has been used to instill motivation among employees. The concept has been instrumental in providing employees with significant skills and knowledge on issues related to their profession. Training development has been used as one of the basic requirement acknowledged by the management before an employee is promoted. Difficulties and mistakes in reward policies and motivation strategies A good reward strategy should motivate the worker. The reward should be given after a good performance by the worker. The reward strategy should be done regularly to promote the commitment of the workers. There are managers have no procedure or policy on how rewards should be given to the performing employees. Moreover, some managers do not deem it important to engage other staff members in a making critical decision during th e employee reward process. A culture of competition for the reward among the workers will increase the output of the company. A psychological contract makes the workers feel they are part of the business. In some instances, managers make the mistake of not establishing a guiding and counseling unit to promote the employees’ psychological contract (Baron 2003, p. 89). The frontline staff in a business organization is the employees who work directly with the customers (Graban Swartz 2011, p. 176). The frontline staff represents the organization when they interact with customers. The information given by the frontline staff is important to create and maintain the image of the organization in the market. In this respect, some managers lack proper reward and motivation strategies to empower frontline staff members. Lack of proper support and a training development scheme hinders the effectiveness of frontline staff. Moreover, the frontline staff lacks proper motivation as a resul t of the same. Lack or proper orientation during staff recruitment process is considered to be a great mistake in employee rewarding and motivation. Orientation in the company should be accompanied by the training development. On the same note, some managers make the mistake of not conducting proper employee performance assessment after the training development. Sometimes, managers do not use customer satisfaction as a basis of motivated of frontline staff members (Graban Swartz 2011, p. 176).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Importance of People Management in Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managers also forget to use the working environment as a method of analyzing the Frontline staff. A good working environment stimulates the worker motivation towards the job. Health hazards and risks are reduced when the environment is good. The confidence of the workers is important because it makes the work ers free to deliver the best services. Recruitment of workers depends on the environment in the organization (Graban Swartz 2011, p. 176). A poor business environment will develop a culture of losing the best workers. Managers should develop management strategies that are results oriented with the consideration of the workers. These strategies can be; a proper communication channel and a staff- friendly culture. The components of a positive work environment culture are; self-esteem, reliability and honesty (Deci 2001, p. 105). Core values are better understood by the workers where there exists a positive culture. As a result, the judgment of the workers towards the customers will be in line with the organization’s core values. It is a mistake not to include teamwork as a method of employee motivation. Teamwork provides the business organization with the use of talents from the workers (Deci 2001, p. 105). The workers should work and assist where they can provide the best qua lity. The culture of teamwork will reduce unnecessary competition among the workers and give the business a priority. When problems arise the managers should solve it quickly without bias. Employee management is sometimes faced with a number of difficulties. The reward strategy can be a cause of concern by the workers (Ferrar 2006, p.189). The method used to determine the best employee is not always supported by all workers. Some will insist that the winner does not deserve the reward. Training development is a problem because it depends on the willingness of the workers. Also, different people understand at different levels. Another problem associated with people management failure of constant consultation within the business set up. A regular consultation is an important conflict resolution mechanism. Lastly, policy implementation is difficult especially when it is implemented during a training period. Workers do not like changes, and it will be difficult to implement the changes (Bedeian 2003, p. 124). References Baron, R 2003, Behaviour in organizations, Allyn Bacon Inc, New York.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bedeian, A 2003, Management, 3rd.ed. New York: Dryden Press. Deci, E 2007, ‘Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation ‘, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.18. no. 1, pp. 105-115. Ferrar, P 2006, The Paradox of Manager As Coach, Oxford Brookes University, New York. Graban, M Swartz, J 2011, Healthcare Kaizen: Engaging Front-Line Staff in Sustainable Continuous Improvements, CRC Press, Boca Raton. Higgins, J 2004, The management challenge, Macmillan publishers, New York. This report on Importance of People Management in Organizations was written and submitted by user Teagan E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Semiconductors.

Semiconductors. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate how resistance varies with temperature for a metallic conductor, insulators, and semiconductor diodes. What exactly are these things? A semiconductor is a material having resistivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. It usually has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The diode is any electronic device with only two electrodes. They are now semiconductor devices. A conductor is a substance, or a body, that offers a relatively small resistance to the passage of an electronic current, and the insulator is a substance that provides a very high resistance to the passage of an electronic current; an appliance made of insulating material used to prevent the loss of an electric charge or current from a conductor.In this experiment the investigator will be using this equipment and these materials: an ohmmeter, a thermometer, a heating device that will be a soldering gun, connecting leads, insulators, piece of rubber, p iece of plastic, piece of wood, piece of paper, conductors, copper wire, light bulb wire, semiconductor diodes, silicone diodes, and germanium diodes.English: Valence band and Conduction Band Italiano...The investigator will use the ohmmeter to measure the resistance of these objects. The soldering gun will be used to heat up the objects and then the investigator will use the thermometer to measure the temperature. The first step to doing this project is you have to connect the ohmmeter using leads with the tested object. Then you take your first measurement at room temperature and then record the results on some type of chart. Using the soldering gun, your heating device, heat up the tested object. Then you record the current temperature. Next, record the result at the current temperature. You should repeat this whole procedure with the other objects.In this paragraph the experimenter will just be...

Video clip review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video clip - Movie Review Example In so doing, he further complicates the crisis. In their leadership, Scott and Krantz are tolerant, democratic, result-oriented, accommodative, purposeful, and committed. They understand that the issue at hand needs to be resolved. When it comes to effective crisis management, persistence to success is an important personal characteristic. Persistence is even more valuable when it is complemented by collaborative efforts between the parties involved. On the other hand, the worst characteristic is personal self-sufficiency in times of crisis. Personally, I have faced a work crisis where workers were boycotting their duties and responsibilities to push for more organization-based benefits from the management. The worker-management platform of crisis resolution was violated, prompting me to remind my colleagues the formal process of filing complaints. I convinced all the workers to resume their duties and file complaints about such benefits using the process that the company recognized. My action was effective because any violation of the crisis resolution process could have resulted in contract termination for the boycott’s ring

Legal Requirements of a Will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legal Requirements of a Will - Essay Example Having understood the meaning of the will, the next step in the process of formation of the will is to understand the requirements of creating the will which has to be legally binding in the Court of law. Following are the conditions which have to be fulfilled in order to have a legally binding Will: 1. The Will made by the Testator must be the final version of his Will. There shall be no will made by him before he finally signs the Will, if in case there is a Will previous to the final Will then that Will shall be terminated and duly notified in the existence of the new and the final draft. 2. The Will shall be signed by the Testator 3. The Will shall have two witnesses at the least, and the witness’s shall have no inheritance of the assets in the structure of the Will, as they are supposed to be independent people who have no interest coming out from the creation of the Will. The Will should be signed by them. 4. The Testator has to be of sound mind and should be above 18 years of age. 5. The Testator should have an executer to execute the Will in the favour of the beneficiaries after his death, since the executer is the one who is responsible for the execution of the Will and making sure that the beneficiaries get their due share in accordance to the Will. 6. The Testator has to clearly identify the inheritors of his will and has to account for his property in full valuation.

Character of Curley Essay Example for Free

Character of Curley Essay Candy joined the attack with joy Glove fulla vaseline ; he said disgustedly I didnt wanta; Lennie cried. I didnt wanta hurt him. Ques : Explore how the language in this extract influences your view of Curly? The language used in the extract shows Curley to be hateful, violent and angry. The extract describes a scene where by Curley is attacking Lennie, and it begins mid-attack. From the beginning of the extract it is clear that Curley is in an angry mood from the way that he â€Å"glared† at Candy when Candy joins the attack. Steinbeck uses a simile to describe Curley – â€Å"Curley stepped over like a terrier.† This comparison to a terrier works on two levels because a terrier is both small and aggressive, and Curley’s small size and aggressive nature are theme not only in the extract, but also throughout the book. When Curley speaks to Lennie, he uses obscene language and such as â€Å"bastard† and â€Å"son-of-a-bitch.† This further gives the reader the impression that Curley is rude and aggressive, and also that he dislikes Lennie. Curley attacks Lennie, punching him in the face and stomach, but at first Lennie does not fight back or defend himself. However, Curley continues to attack him. At this point, the reader feels sympathy for Lennie and feels that Curley is the guilty aggressor. This feeling is shared by Slim, who jumps up and calls Curley a â€Å"dirty little rat.† The language used here creates a very negative portrayal of Curley, as rats are very dirty animals But then when Lennie does finally fight back, we see a different and weaker side to Curley. Lennie is much bigger and stronger than Curley. Lennie catches Curley fist with ease and Curley is left â€Å"flopping like a fish on a line.† This use of simile shows Curley to be weak and defenceless and shows that Lennie has caught him out. There is a sudden transition from Curley being violent and aggressive (like a terrier ) to him being beaten up and defeated â€Å"Curley was white and shrunken by now†¦ He stood crying.†

9/11 :: essays research papers

Shock, disbelief, and devastation were just a few of the emotions that people around the world were experiencing on September 11th, 2001. On what seemed like a normal day in Manhattan, New York, little did everyone know it was the beginning of a huge unthinkable disaster. 8:46 a.m. was when the first highjacked plane had hit Tower One. Not too long after, the second tower was hit. Dozens of fire crews responded as soon as they heard the news. The issues that were recognized in the outcome of this terrorist act were social, psychological, and economical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What started out bad just got worse as the minutes past. People from all different countries of the world were there, all looking and reacting the same way. It was like everyone, no matter where you from; for once all had a common understanding of what was really going on, and the purpose of what was happening before their eyes. As many people tried to just get out of the area as soon as possible, the New York firefighters were doing nothing but trying to save as many lives as they could. People were praying for their lives and the lives of other in the streets, in fear of being caught up in all of the madness. There were no useable elevators and at times it became discouraging to many of the firefighters because they had to carry sixty-pound hoses up eighty cases of stairs, but they knew they had to do it. Working together, they did their job to the best of their ability. They grew close bonds with each other in spite of all the stuff that was going on. Before Se ptember 11th they had few to no brothers but after the event they left with fifty. Many civilians were working together to make sure that everyone was safe, even if you were a complete stranger to them; they were willing to help in anyway possible. Knowing that everyone was alive and okay brought upon great relief, but knowing that many people were still struggling, suffering, and dieing made the firefighters feel helpless. It had come to a point were there was nothing that anyone could do. This was the worst day of anyone’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So many thoughts and emotions were running through everyone’s mind, not knowing what to do or think. It was at the time when the second plane had hit; you saw real fear in people’s eyes.

Health Policy In Salford Manchester Health And Social Care Essay

There are many research methods from which to take for a typical research methodological analysis. In the research methodological analysis there is the undermentioned general treatment on the conducting of the research and some apprehension of type basic construct of the qualitative and quantitative methods. There are many research methods from which to take from. Research methods are the technique of probe used to carry on a survey. They include the usage of questionnaires, interviews, participant observation or field work with the community being studied together with the reading of official statistics and historical paperss and other techniques non so widely used. By and large there are three chief methodological analysiss. Qualitative methods Van Maanen ( 1983 ) defines qualitative methods as â€Å" an array of interpretative technique which seek to depict, decode, and translate and other wise come to term with the significance, non the frequence, of certain more or less of course happening phenomena in the natural universe. † Quantitative Methods Easterby-smith et Al ( 1995 ) described four chief ways of assemblage of quantitative informations: Interviews Questionnaires Tests/Measure Observation While they stress that the differences between quantitative and qualitative techniques is non ever clear. Quantitative methodological analysiss have an accent on the importance of establishing research upon protocol and technique. In this piece of research the writer will trust on quantitative methodological analysis in the signifier of secondary informations through assorted beginnings of database. These databases will include nose count informations to execute the analysis and happen out the consequences. The instance study country: Salford, Greater Manchester Manchester ‘s â€Å" twin metropolis † , Salford, adjoins it across the River Irwell and portions much of its history. The wider Greater Manchester part is made up of 10 metropolitan local governments: Bolton Bury Manchester ( City of ) Oldham Rochdale Salford ( City of ) Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan The metropolitan authorization known as the ‘City of Salford ‘ comprises 20 wards and has a population of 216,000. In this survey GIS application will be used along with spacial analysis and statistical techniques to look into the world of fuel poorness in this country. This issue is of import in policy footings because it seems likely to be a major job for public wellness – and hence for the economic system – because of the increasing proportion of aged people in the population. Fuel poorness is worst among the oldest members of society, peculiarly those in disadvantaged countries such as Salford. Areas like some parts of Salford besides have a higher than mean concentration of aged people because younger people tend to go forth the country to seek employment and preparation chances elsewhere. The Health, Housing and Fuel Poverty Forum ( Mawle, 2008 ) , funded by cardinal authorities ( Defra ) is the type of policy enterprise which is conformable to being informed by sound GIS and spacial analysis work: â€Å" The focal point of this undertaking is to supply a tried, long-run and to the full sustainable attack to significantly cut downing, and finally extinguishing wellness inequalities across the state caused or exaggerated by hapless lodging and fuel poorness. † ( Mawle, 2008 ) The survey used GIS, spacial analysis and statistical techniques to look into the world of fuel poorness in this country. This issue is of import in policy footings because it seems likely to be a major job for public wellness – and hence for the economic system – because of the increasing proportion of aged people in the population. Fuel poorness is worst among the oldest members of society, peculiarly those in disadvantaged countries such as Salford. Areas like some parts of Salford besides have a higher than mean concentration of aged people because younger people tend to go forth the country to seek employment and preparation chances elsewhere. The vulnerable aged on low incomes form the bulk of those in fuel poorness nationwide. The issue will hence be an increasing job for national and local policymakers due to the aging population and therefore more elaborate research is required. Larger Numberss of aged people are now populating longer and because of other factors ( e.g. the cost of long-run attention and the basic desire to stay ‘at place ‘ ) are frequently remaining in their ain places for every bit long as possible. Harmonizing to the UK Public Health Association ( UKPHA, 2008 ) , an extra 40,000 deceases each twelvemonth nationally can be attributed to fuel poorness. Methods Data and methods The 2001 nose count of population was used in the analysis as a chief beginning of informations. The information on socio-economic conditions in Salford was gathered along with the maps of the country utilizing a assortment of resources. Specifically, informations on wellness, lodging, household constellation and other conditions in Salford ‘s wards were obtained from the 2001 Census via NOMIS or CASWEB. Maps were obtained from Ordnance Survey and other beginnings. Census informations In the nose count, ‘health ‘ was chiefly covered by two inquiries. First, responses confirm whether a individual considers themselves to be in ( a ) ‘good wellness ‘ , ( B ) ‘fairly good ‘ wellness or ( degree Celsiuss ) non in good wellness. Second, informations will be the available on whether respondents suffer from ‘limiting long-run conditions ‘ . Some other variables will be envisaged may impact people ‘s wellness in this part. These will be: whether lodging adjustment provided, or did non supply, cardinal warming ; whether people lived as portion of a twosome or lived entirely ; and whether people will be economically active or inactive ( i.e non in work, instruction or preparation ) . Consequences and Analysis Datas processing: Function Health is affected by a assortment of life style and environmental factors, including where people live, features of these locations ( including societal and environmental exposure ) . Health by and large has a spacial dimension – the wellness of the population varies harmonizing to where people live. So scientists and research workers have begun to utilize GIS package to research the potency of maps for understanding the spacial kineticss of wellness and the socioeconomic, environmental and other factors impacting which affect people ‘s wellness ( see for illustration Loslier, 2008, Gao et al 2008, Susi and Mascarenhas, 2002 ) . The tabular array of property informations was joined to the Greater Manchester map to bring forth set of maps demoing wellness inequalities across the part. Other maps were created to picture the distribution of factors impacting wellness. The Greater Manchester maps demo that the Manchester and Salford countries have the lowest figure of healthy people in the part ( see fig. 2 ) . From a simple ocular reading of the maps identified the countries with the worst wellness. This present more probe on this country below. Salford is one of the countries with the worst wellness in the Greater Manchester part. Health and other socioeconomic factors across Greater Manchester local governments Maps These were obtained from EDINA Ordnance Survey for both the Greater Manchester country as a whole and Salford ‘s component wards. The first portion of the Maps will demo the lodging and wellness determiners such as cardinal warming, people in good wellness and economic activity of Greater Manchester. While the 2nd portion of the maps will concentrate on Salford. First Part: Function Housing and Health Determinants of Greater Manchester Second Part: Maping Housing and Health Determinants of Salford Making wellness maps for Salford involved a similar procedure to that used for constructing the Greater Manchester maps. The new tabular array of properties from the NOMIS web site was prepared and saved as a dbf file and joined to the Salford boundary map. The maps were produced based on the variables identified earlier incorporating informations necessary for constructing a image of wellness in Salford. Making wellness maps for Salford involved a similar procedure to that used for constructing the Greater Manchester maps. The new tabular array of properties from the CASWEB web site was prepared and joined to the Salford boundary map. The maps were produced based on the variables identified earlier incorporating informations necessary for constructing a image of wellness in Salford ( as shown in fig. ) . Eight maps were produced to picture the countries that have the highest figure of healthy and unhealthy people ( utilizing our two indexs of wellness ) , with the other maps demoing the chief factors impacting wellness in the borough. From the maps it can be seen that the highest per centum of healthy people is located in Worsley and Boothstown ward, while the highest per centum of unhealthy people live in Langworthy and the surrounding wards. These wards are the nearest to the metropolis Centre ( cardinal Manchester – the focal urban Centre for Salford and the Greater Manchester part as a whole ) .The other maps illustrate the factors which affect wellness in Salford. The maps of adjustment with and without cardinal warming show that the highest per centum of houses with cardinal warming is located in Worsley and Boothstown, Walkden, Little Hulton and Irlam ward. This is where the healthiest people live. The lowest per centum of places with cardinal warming was found in Langworthy – where the people with last degrees of wellness ( measured by our two indexs ) live. This is evidently a simplification of the subject, but it helps us construct up a image of fuel poorness in Salford. The maps of people populating entirely or in twosomes show that the highest per centum of twosomes is once more in Worsley and Boothstown ward, whereas the highest proportions of people populating entirely be given to be located in the wards near Manchester metropolis Centre. Furthermore, the same image can be seen in the maps of economically active and inactive people, with the highest per centum of economically active people shacking in Worsley and Boothstown ward. Long-run unwellness The 3rd set of maps in this undertaking compares long-run unwellness in Salford with the same factors identified earlier ( fig. ) . The maps show a strong relationship between degrees of long-run unwellness and places without cardinal warming. The highest Numberss of people with no long-run unwellness ( what we might hence specify as the healthiest people measured on these footings ) were found in Worsley and Boothstown ward. This ward has the most belongingss with cardinal warming, and the bulk of its occupants are economically active and unrecorded in twosomes. Preliminary decisions From all the maps above we can reason that wellness may be affected by a assortment of factors. These factors include ( I ) environmental issues like air pollution, ( two ) societal factors such as populating entirely or in a couple/with a household, and ( three ) economic factors such as being in employment ( and the wealth derived functions this connotes ) , and the sort of lodging adjustment people can afford to populate in. Statistical analysis of the consequences The information will be analyzed utilizing SPSS package, so utilizing arrested development statistics to find whether there is significance. The information will be modeled the extent to which wellness is affected by variables such as cardinal warming, being economically active, populating in a twosome and so on. Map studies can be used to turn to the out semen from the analysis of the geographical informations. Arrested development analysis: In the undermentioned subdivision there will be an analysis of consequences through arrested development analysis by utilizing multiple variables. In SPSS a simple method â€Å" Analyze. Regression. LinearaˆÂ ¦.. † in each instance will be followed. There will be the choice of different standard ( dependent ) and the forecaster ( independent ) variables and will used the multiple arrested development theoretical account four times. Multiple arrested development analysis ( MRA ) is a utile method for bring forthing mathematical theoretical accounts where there are several ( more than two ) variables involved. Multiple Regression analysis: the multivariate arrested development was used for at least four times to analyse the relationship between assorted variable of lodging and wellness inequalities. Peoples in good wellness and unstanderised predicted variables. The multiple arrested developments will utilize tally of people in good wellness as a dependant variable and assorted other in dependent factors as in a variable entered tabular array. In the Standard Residual subdivision of the casewise diagnostic tabular array above, instance Numberss 33 is negative. This could be explained by a figure of factors – for illustration, possibly it is due to a higher than usual proportion of aged people in the local population. The 2001 nose count informations for Salford shows that 8 % of the populations are in the 65-74 twelvemonth age class, with the mean age for Salford being 38 old ages of age. Salford as a whole is sing a population diminution of 6 % with an progressively aging population. The 2001 nose count informations besides demonstrates this point, with 9.53 % of the population being economically inactive due to being for good ill or handicapped. This is higher than the national norm of 5.3 % within England and Wales. An ageing population, combined with people with sick wellness and low incomes will hold an impact upon future services and wellness in Salford ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . From Graph 1 it can be seen that there is a positive linear relationship between people in good wellness and unstandardized predicted value of the independent variable. It is a positive relationship with a statistical tantrum. Second Multivariate Regression Analysis: The 2nd multiple arrested development analysis was carried out between % of people in good wellness and other variable factors such as being economically active, holding cardinal warming, populating in a twosome. In this arrested development model the relationships between one dependant variable with multiple independent variables has been analyzed. This is how multiple arrested developments are largely used for multivariate analysis ( Bryamn and Caremer, 2005 ) . This gives the ability of multivariate arrested development to analyse the relationships between one dependant variable and multiple independent variables. An advantage of multivariate arrested development is that weak variables with small statistical significance can be dropped from the theoretical account to do the staying variables important. But in the undermentioned instance no variables were dropped in order to understand different variables ‘ consequence on wellness. From the above tabular array Model Summary there is the analysis of assorted factors such as R is a step of the correlativity between the ascertained value and the predicted value of the standard variable. In the illustration this would be the correlativity between the per centum of people in good wellness and the degrees predicted by the forecaster variables. R Square ( R2 ) is the square of this step of correlativity and indicates the proportion of the discrepancy in the standard variable. In kernel this is a step of how good a anticipation of the standard variable we can do by cognizing the forecaster variables. The value R2 is a fraction between 0.0 and 1.0, and has no units. An R2 value of 0.0 agencies that X does non assist you predict Y. There is no additive relationship between X and Y, and the best-fit line is a horizontal line traveling through the mean of all Y values. A When R2 equals 1.0, all points lie precisely on a consecutive line with no spread. Knowing Ten Lashkar-e-Taibas you predict Y absolutely. From the above consequences the R2 is.659 which indicates a 65 % tantrum in the theoretical account. Adjusted R Square value is calculated which takes into history the figure of variables in the theoretical account and the figure of observations ( participants ) our theoretical account is based on. This means that 65 % of the variableness of dependent variable is explained by the variableness of the dependent variables. This tabular array is of import. The Adjusted R Square value tells us that our theoretical account histories for 64.9 % of discrepancy in the good wellness. 35.1 % of the discrepancy Idaho due to the random mistake. B. Dependent Variable: % Good or Reasonably Good Health The ANOVA portion of the end product tells us whether the arrested development equation is explicating a statistically important part of the variableness in the dependant variable from variableness in the independent variables. A P value is a step of grounds. The smaller the value of P, the greater the grounds against a simpler theoretical account than one of the possible involvement. The usage of P 0.05 as a cut-off is a convention which has an historic footing instead than a scientific, mathematical or philosophical footing. Horgan ( 2001 ) described that a p-value provides a step of whether an independent variable is associated with the dependant variable. A little p-value implies that it is. In this study we have said that an independent variable is significantly associated with the dependant variable if its p-value is less than 5 % ( i.e. P & lt ; 0.05 ) . These can be interpreted as significance that there is a 95 % opportunity that the given interval will incorporate the true parametric quantity of involvement. This tabular array reports an ANOVA, which assesses the overall significance of our theoretical account. As P & lt ; 0.05 the theoretical account is important. This theoretical account is utile. In the end product from this arrested development analysis, as with the simple arrested development, sing the p-value of the F-test to see if the overall theoretical account is important. With a p-value of nothing to three denary topographic points, the theoretical account is statistically important. From the above tabular array it can be concluded that, % economically active, % cardinal warming and % of married are statistically non-significant as the T values and ( T & gt ; 2 or t & lt ; -2 ) and Sig. ( Sig. & lt ; 0.05 ) are harmonizing to the statistical significance relationship. The Standardized Beta Coefficients give a step of the part of each variable to the theoretical account. A big value indicates that a unit alteration in this forecaster variable has a big consequence on the standard variable. The T and Sig. ( P ) values give a unsmooth indicant of the impact of each forecaster variable – a large absolute T value and little P value suggests that a forecaster variable is holding a big impact on the predicted variables.Scatter secret planA spread secret plan allows ocular appraisal of the relationship between the response and forecaster variable. In the in writing class individual independent variables those have an affect on the wellness has been taken in order to analyse the relationship with dependent variable. In graph No.3 above a consecutive line comfortably tantrums through the informations ; hence a additive relationship exists. The spread above the line is rather high, so there is a strong additive relationship. Hence the graph indicates a strong relationship as people who are economically active are in good wellness. However, the Scatter Plot and Line of Best Fit do non state us the values of a and B ; nor do they state us if B is zero ( or near adequate to be taken as nothing ) . It surely seems that there is a positive relationship between people in good wellness and people who are economically active. The 2001 nose count showed that 39.33 % of Salford ‘s population is economically active, compared with an norm of 40.55 % within England and Wales. 13.53 % is economically inactive due to retirement, compared with the England and Wales norm of 13.54 % ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . From the above consequences the R2 is 0.564 which indicates a 56 % tantrum in the theoretical account. The Adjusted R Square value tells us that the theoretical account histories for 55 % of discrepancy in a modification long term unwellness. In this instance, the adjusted R-squared indicates that approximately 56 % of the variableness of restricting long term unwellness is accounted for by the theoretical account. 44 % is due to random mistake. For farther analysis of the relationships of different independent variables, the T-ratio statistics is analyzed coefficient tabular array. From the above theoretical account sum-up tabular array The R-squared is 1.000, intending that about 100 % of the variableness of good wellness is accounted for by the variables in the theoretical account. In this instance, the adjusted R-squared indicates that approximately 100 % of the variableness of wellness is accounted for by the theoretical account. 0 % if the discrepancy is due to random mistake. R squared is a statistical step of how good a arrested development line approximates existent informations points. R squared is a descriptive step between nothing and one, bespeaking how good one term is at foretelling another. From the theoretical account summary the R squared value is equal to one as besides the adjusted R square, the greater the ability of that theoretical account to foretell a tendency. The more variableness of the dependant variable is being explained by the variableness of the independent variables. A value of R squared equal to one, indicates that the theoreti cal account provides perfect anticipations ( Middleton, 2006 ) . The end product from the ANOVA tabular array, as with the simple arrested development, we look to the p-value of the F-test to see if the overall theoretical account is important. With a p-value of nothing to three denary topographic points, the theoretical account is statistically important. Further analysis of the relationship between heath and other independent variables, the T-ratio statistics has been carried out in the tabular array below. The above graph No.10 indicates a negative relationship as most of the people who are economically inactive tend to be in good wellness. This graph is opposed to chart No. 3 which is for economically active. There are high degrees of unemployed families, in peculiar those in the â€Å" ne'er worked † and â€Å" long term unemployed † classs and high per centums of people in reception of a means-tested benefit. The 2001 nose count besides reports that 3.81 % of the population is economically inactive due to unemployment with 10.25 % holding ne'er worked and 28.29 % classed as long-run unemployed. 5.89 % are economically inactive due to looking after household or the place ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . The paper examined through function and statistical analysis the relationship between lodging determiner and wellness. There are some lodging factors such as employment, lodging term of office and matrimonial position and their impact on wellness. It can be concluded from the determination that there is positive and negative relationship between wellness and lodging determiner such as economically active and inactive, married twosome and populating entirely. The relationship between hapless lodging and ailment wellness has been understood for centuries. This relationship has been illustrated by a figure of different researches clip by clip such as Lowry 1991, Friedman 2010 on lodging and wellness. Farrand said that â€Å" Action is besides required so as to cut down the inauspicious effects on kids and their instruction from unequal lodging † . In recent old ages policies such as wellness and sustainable development are progressively being inter-linked to those policies that m ight hold an affect on environmental wellness and lodging. Theses attacks has based on the rule of sustainable development. Infect sustainable development attacks in lodging development could better people wellness and cut down fuel poorness but utilizing less and in ore efficient the resources available to them. In position of the fact that the Census is carried at 10 twelvemonth intervals and the same information has been used in the current research which is 10 old ages old while the new will be available in 2011. 2001 Census information is of historic involvement and nevertheless it provides really utile baseline information on even on little countries of the metropolis. The Census contains valuable information on such as family composings, population, wellness and economic activities. From the function of Greater Manchester it can be concluded that ( see Fig. 1-9 ) Salford metropolis has the lowest scope of people in good wellness 87-88 % except Manchester and Wigan. Besides th e per centum of people non in good in good wellness is in Salford 11-12 % ( Census 2001 ) . the statistically analysis of the 2001 Census information shows overall a significance of P value & lt ; 0.05 which means that there is a significance relationship between the dependant and predicted independent variables. Although the information is 10 old ages old but it is a nationally recognized and trusted informations. There may be a batch of betterments in the last 10 old ages but due to the fact that there is no secondary informations handiness it could be really hard to estimations informations based on assorted socioeconomic factors. From spread secret plan diagram of assorted dependent and independent variables it can be concluded that there is strong positive and negative linear relationship except with cardinal heating where there is a weak positive and negative additive relationship. Through the tabular array 1 and 2 in the appendices shows clear that people non in good wellness are among the lowest in Greater Manchester part followed by North West County and in England. Although the cardinal warming has no or really small relationship with people in wellness but there are other factors such as economic position, matrimonial relationship and term of office. Recommendation: Every local authorization has a responsibility in this instance Salford metropolis council to see the lodging status and its impact on wellness on an one-year footing under the Housing Act 1985. The local authorization should put their ain marks and strategic standards which must fulfill the home is fit for the people. If the local authorization see a home fails to carry through the basic standards and non suited for populating so the local authorization has the responsibility to take necessary action to cover with the belongings to halt further spreading of lodging related wellness jobs. It is of import that policies related to wellness policies should besides reflect lodging conditions and the ways to better both lodging and wellness conditions. It is the understood that hapless lodging non affects merely physiologically but besides on an single overall wellness conditions. Sustainable solutions should be imposed on in order to better lodging in general while heating and insularity in peculiar. farther research is needed to measure the complexness oh lodging and wellness indexs and find ways in which fuel poorness can be cut down or eradicated.

Biography of Mary Custis Lee, Gen. Robert E. Lees Wife

Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee  (October 1, 1808–November 5, 1873) was the  great-granddaughter of Martha Washington  and  the wife of Robert E. Lee. She played a part in the American Civil War, and her family legacy home became the site of Arlington National Cemetery. Fast Facts: Mary Custis Lee Known For: Wife of Civil War general Robert E. Lee and great-granddaughter of Martha WashingtonAlso Known As: Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee  Born: October 1, 1807 in Annefield  in  Boyce, VirginiaParents: George Washington Parke Custis, Mary Lee Fitzhugh CustisDied: November 5, 1873 in Lexington, VirginiaPublished Works: Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, by his Adopted Son George Washington Parke Custis, with a Memoir of this Author by his Daughter (edited and published)Spouse: Robert E. Lee (m.  1831–October. 12, 1870)Children: George Washington Custis, William Henry Fitzhugh, Robert E. Lee Jr., Eleanor Agnes, Anne Carter, Mildred Childe, Mary CustisNotable Quote: â€Å"I rode out to my dear old home, so changed it seemed but as a dream of the past. I could not have realized that it was Arlington but for the few old oaks they had spared, the trees planted on the lawn by the Gen’l myself which are raising their tall branches to the Heaven which seems to smile on the desecration around them.† Early Years Marys father George Washington Parke Custis was the adopted son and the step-grandson of George Washington. Mary was his only surviving child, and thus his heir. Educated at home, Mary showed talent in painting. She was courted by many men including Sam Houston but rejected his suit. She accepted the proposal of marriage in 1830 from Robert E. Lee, a distant relative shed known from childhood, after his graduation from West Point. (They had common ancestors Robert Carter I, Richard Lee II and William Randolph, making them respectively third cousins, third cousins once removed, and fourth cousins.) They were married in the parlor at her family home, Arlington House, on June 30, 1831. Highly religious from a young age, Mary Custis Lee was often troubled by illness. As the wife of a military officer, she traveled with him, though she was most happy at her family home in Arlington, Virginia. Eventually, the Lees had seven children, with Mary often suffering from illness and various disabilities including rheumatoid arthritis. She was known as a hostess and for her painting and gardening. When her husband went to Washington, she preferred to remain at home. She avoided Washingtons social circles but was avidly interested in politics and discussed matters with her father and later her husband. The Lee family enslaved many people of African descent. Mary assumed that eventually theyd all be freed, and taught the women to read, write, and sew so that they could support themselves after emancipation. Civil War When Virginia joined the Confederate States of America at the beginning of the Civil War, Robert E. Lee resigned his commission with the federal army and accepted a commission in the army of Virginia. With some delay, Mary Custis Lee, whose illness confined her much of the time to a wheelchair, was convinced to pack up many of the familys belongings and move out of the home at Arlington because its nearness to Washington, D.C., would make it a target for confiscation by the Union forces. And thats what happened, for failure to pay taxes—though an attempt to pay the taxes was apparently refused. She spent many years after the war ended trying to regain possession of her Arlington home: Poor Virginia is being pressed on every side, yet I trust God will yet deliver us. I do not allow myself to think of my dear old home. Would that it had been razed to the ground or submerged in the Potomac rather than have fallen into such hands. From Richmond where she spent much of the war, Mary and her daughters knitted socks and sent them to her husband to distribute to soldiers in the Confederate Army. Later Years and Death Robert returned after the surrender of the Confederacy, and Mary moved with Robert to Lexington, Virginia, where he became president of Washington College (later renamed Washington and Lee University). During the war, many of the family possessions inherited from the Washingtons were buried for safety. After the war, many were found to have been damaged, but some—the silver, some carpets, some letters among them—survived. Those that had been left in the Arlington home were declared by Congress to be the property of the American people. Neither Robert E. Lee nor Mary Custis Lee survived many years after the end of the Civil War. He died in 1870. Arthritis plagued Mary Custis Lee in her later years, and she died in Lexington on Nov. 5, 1873—after making one trip to see her old Arlington home. In 1882, the U.S. Supreme Court in a ruling returned the home to the family;  Mary and Roberts son Custis sold it right  back to the government. Mary Custis Lee is buried with her husband on the Washington and Lee University campus in Lexington, Virginia. Sources â€Å"The Life of Mary Custis Lee.†Ã‚  EHISTORY.â€Å"Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee.†Ã‚  National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.Pryor, Elizabeth Brown. â€Å"Mary Randolph Custis Lee (1807–1873).†Ã‚  Lee, Mary Randolph Custis (1807–1873), Encyclopediavirginia.org.